iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the molecule mechanism of reducing higher alcohols in Chinese rice wine by nitrogen compensation

Abstract Purpose Higher alcohol is a by-product of the fermentation wine, and its content one most important parameters that affect are used to appraise final quality Chinese rice wine. Ammonium compensation an efficient convenient method reduce higher alcohols, but molecule mechanism poorly understood. Therefore, iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was designed reveal changes Saccharomyces cerevisiae elucidate molecular ammonium in reducing alcohols. Methods The iTRAQ analyze blank group experimental with exogenous addition 200 mg/L (NH 4 ) 2 HPO during inoculation. extracted intracellular proteins were processed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified using bioinformatics tools. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction verify gene expression differentially expressed proteins. Results About 4062 proteins, including 123 upregulated 88 downregulated analysis. GO KEGG uncovered significant concentrated carbohydrate metabolism, such as carbon glyoxylate, dicarboxylate pyruvate nitrogen amino acid synthesis catabolism pathway. In accordance trend differential protein regulation central metabolism pathway metabolic flux, possible regulatory model proposed verified, which facilitated glucose consumption, regulated flow direction into tricarboxylic acid, further led decrease results RT-qPCR confirmed authenticity at level gene. Conclusion assimilation promoted S. affected distribution flux. should have gone alcohols reversed TCA cycle, thereby decreasing These findings may contribute improved understanding for through compensation.